ArticleThe Laryngoscope2026
The Impact of Estrogen on Stromal Elements in the Proximal Airway in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Impact of Estrogen on Stromal Elements in the Proximal Airway in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is an unexplained fibrosis of the proximal airway that predominantly impacts Caucasian women. Clinically, premenopausal patients suffer from higher recurrence rates, potentially implicating ovarian hormone 17B-estradiol (E2) in disease pathogenesis. Despite its relationship with disease phenotype and severity, the mechanistic role of E2 in subglottic fibrosis has not been investigated.
methodsPrimary human cell lines derived from the airway scar of iSGS patients were utilized for in vitro study to assess the impact of E2 on proximal airway cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells). Alterations in RNA and extracellular matrix protein expression were assessed in fibroblasts (n = 5 primary cell lines) following E2 exposure. The impact of E2 on epithelial barrier function was assessed via transepithelial electrical resistance measurement (TEER) in iSGS-patient-derived epithelial primary cell lines (n = 3) grown via air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. The impact of E2 on iSGS-patient-derived endothelial lines was assessed using a Matrigel-based tube formation assay.
resultsThere were no significant transcriptional changes induced in fibroblasts after exposure to E2 when compared to controls, nor was a difference in collagen production observed after E2 exposure. There was no significant difference in TEER measurements in airway epithelial cells grown at ALI following E2 exposure. Endothelial cells showed a significant increase in tube formation following E2 exposure.
conclusionIn vitro models suggest E2 may have limited direct impact on fibroblasts and epithelial cells in iSGS. Instead, estrogen acts directly on airway endothelial cells to drive vascular remodeling, potentially contributing to mucosal fibrosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.