Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41235449›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026

Increased HbA1c relative to actual glycemic control in patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Keigo Mizutani, Eita Uenishi, Takeshi Onoue, Ryutaro Maeda, Koji Suzuki, Tomoko Handa, Tomoko Kobayashi, Shintaro Iwama, Takashi Miyata, Mariko Sugiyama and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Keigo MizutaniDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Eita UenishiDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Takeshi OnoueDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-9937
Ryutaro MaedaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Koji SuzukiDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Tomoko HandaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Tomoko KobayashiDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Shintaro IwamaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Takashi MiyataDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Mariko SugiyamaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Daisuke HagiwaraDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Hidetaka SugaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Masaki OkazakiDepartment of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Atsushi HashizumeDepartment of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Hiroshi ArimaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-1997

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K18640the Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionAmong patients with diabetes receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, HbA1c levels are higher than glycated albumin levels. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the discrepancy between HbA1c and glucose management indicator (GMI), an index of glucose management derived from continuous glucose monitoring, in this population. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients with diabetes in whom HbA1c and GMI were simultaneously measured at two Japanese institutions. Data were collected when HbA1c levels had stabilized for at least 6 months after the administration of an oral hypoglycemic agent. The primary outcome was the discrepancy between HbA1c and GMI among patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors and those receiving other oral hypoglycemic agents. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for confounding factors.

resultsIn total, 136 patients were included; of these, 109 and 27 were included in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and control group, respectively. After IPTW adjustment, the discrepancy between HbA1c and GMI (HbA1c-GMI) was significantly higher in the SGLT2 inhibitor group than in the control group (β = 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.70; P = 0.003).

conclusionsPatients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors may have increased HbA1c relative to their actual glycemic control.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated Serum AlbuminHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinGlycated Serum Albuminhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsContinuous glucose monitoringGlycated hemoglobinSodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID41235449
PMCPMC12757665

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.