ArticleCureus2025
Seasonal Patterns and Subtype Distribution of Influenza Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India: A One-Year Observational Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInfluenza is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, with complex seasonality that varies by geography. Data from tropical regions like India are limited but essential for guiding vaccination and preparedness strategies. This study examined seasonal patterns, subtype distribution, and demographic characteristics of influenza virus infections in North India.
methodsA laboratory-based observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Jaipur from July 2019 to June 2020. Throat swabs from 7,231 patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested for influenza A and B viruses using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.
resultsOf the 7,231 samples tested, 598 were positive for influenza (8.26%). Influenza A was predominant, 500 cases (83.61%), compared to influenza B, 98 cases (16.39%). A distinct bimodal seasonality was observed, with peaks during the late monsoon (August-September 2019; positivity rates of 110/364 (30.22%) and 193/838 (23.03%), respectively) and late winter (March 2020; 216/1536 (14.06%)). No activity was detected from April to June 2020. The highest burden was among adults aged 20-40 years (233/598; 38.96%), with a significant male predominance (349/598; 58.4%; p<0.0001). Hospitalization was required for 223 cases (37.3%).
conclusionInfluenza in North India follows a biannual pattern, with peaks in the monsoon and winter. The high burden in young adults underscores their role in transmission. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific vaccination timing and continuous surveillance to strengthen public health preparedness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.