ArticleTranslational cancer research2025
PLCXD2 expression relates to the immune microenvironment and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Despite the advances in oncology, the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patients remains dismal. The limited response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to determine the relevance of PLCXD2 expression in the tumor microenvironment to the HNSC patient clinicopathological features. Methods: Gene expression analysis and multicolor immunofluorescence histochemistry with HNSC tissue microarrays were conducted to examine the relation between PLCXD2 expression and patient outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 275 treatment-naïve patients who underwent surgery for HNSC from 2004-2013. Baseline clinicopathological data, and tumor stage, were retrieved from medical records. The primary prognostic outcome was five-year overall survival, with data censored at the last follow-up for patients who were still alive. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between PLCXD2 protein expression and tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs), as well as immune checkpoints [programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTLA-4] in HNSC tissue, while chi-squared test and Cox proportional-hazards models were employed to validate the correlation between PLCXD2 protein levels and clinicopathological characteristics with patient survival. Results: Our findings revealed higher PLCXD2 protein expression in cancer cells of HNSC tissue compared to control benign tissues ( Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that elevated PLCXD2 expression in HNSC is significantly associated with advanced tumor stage and poorer patient prognosis. The correlation of PLCXD2 with key tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the CTLA-4 checkpoint implicates its role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, this study supports PLCXD2 as an independent prognostic marker and a potentially promising target for immunotherapy in HNSC.
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