ArticleInternational journal of women's health2025
Efficacy of a King's Goal Attainment Theory-Based Support Model on Breastfeeding Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Quasi-Experimental Study.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a breastfeeding support model based on King's Goal Attainment Theory in improving breastfeeding outcomes and metabolic health among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 120 women with GDM who delivered at a tertiary hospital between March 2022 and March 2024. Participants were divided into two groups based on the type of care received: the study group (n = 60) received a structured, theory-based breastfeeding support intervention involving goal negotiation, dynamic assessment, and interactive feedback delivered by a multidisciplinary team; the control group (n = 60) received routine breastfeeding support. Primary outcome was continued breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes included breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSES-SF), glycemic control (FPG and HbA1c), and incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia. Statistical analyses included Results: The study group showed significantly higher continued breastfeeding rates at all time points: 80.0% vs 58.3% at 6 weeks (p = 0.010), 73.3% vs 46.7% at 3 months (p = 0.003), and 65.0% vs 36.7% at 6 months (p = 0.002). At 6 weeks postpartum, the study group also had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scores (62.50 ± 5.31 vs 53.11 ± 6.82, p < 0.001) and better glycemic control, with higher proportions achieving target FPG (75.0% vs 51.7%, p = 0.008) and HbA1c (80.0% vs 60.0%, p = 0.017). The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly lower in the study group (8.33% vs 21.67%, p = 0.041). Conclusion: The breastfeeding support model based on King's Goal Attainment Theory was associated with significantly improved breastfeeding rates, self-efficacy, glycemic control, and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. This theory-driven, multidisciplinary approach shows promise for enhancing perinatal care in this high-risk population.
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