Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41234365›Full record

ArticleACS sustainable chemistry & engineering2025

Stages of Mechanochemical Depolymerization of Poly(styrene) Powder in Oxidative and Inert Atmospheres.

Yuchen Chang, Adrian H Hergesell, Claire L Seitzinger, Aubrey M Hepstall, Ina Vollmer, Carsten Sievers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yuchen ChangSchool of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-4069
Adrian H HergesellInorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-930X
Claire L SeitzingerInorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Aubrey M HepstallSchool of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Ina VollmerInorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-1499
Carsten SieversSchool of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-1875

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mechanochemical depolymerization of poly-(styrene) can yield its monomer styrene, but insufficient kinetic and mechanistic insight hamper productivity and efficient reactor design. Herein, ball milling of poly-(styrene) powder in a continuous flow reactor is coupled with real-time measurement of the rate of formation of individual products using in-line gas chromatography, complemented by multitechnique characterization of poly-(styrene) residue at specific time points including electron spin resonance, size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Using this approach, three distinct stages in the depolymerization reactions are revealed, characterized by successive dominance of surface creation, surface friction and finally a molecular weight limit as the determining factor in the rate of styrene production. By comparing instantaneous product formation rates and trends in radical abundance under air and nitrogen atmospheres, oxygen is shown to be a promoter of depolymerization reactions through oxidation of polymer radical intermediates as well as a suppressor of radical migration. Minor coke formation is due to radical transfer reactions. Although conversion is nonquantitative, our study provides detailed mechanistic insights to overcome kinetic bottlenecks.

Indexed as

ball millmechanical grindingpolyolefin upcyclingradicalsolid-state chemistry

Identifiers

PMID41234365
PMCPMC12606713

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.