Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41233886›Full record

ArticleTrials2025

Non-inferiority Assessment of Maternal Adherence to Supplements, a Trial on the Effects of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (NAMASTE-MMS) in Nepal: study protocol.

Kenda Cunningham, Sasmita Poudel, Mai-Anh Hoang, Aman Sen Gupta, Ramesh Adhikari, Dirghayu K C, Diwakar Mohan, Yashodhara Rana, Bibek Kumar Lal, Lila Bikram Thapa and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06327646 (Non-inferiority Assessment of Maternal Adherence to Supplementation), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06327646 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Non-inferiority Assessment of Maternal Adherence to Supplementation: a Trial on the Effects of MMS

TypeinterventionalSponsorHelen Keller InternationalRan2024 to 2025Enrolled2,640ConditionsSupplementationArmsMultiple Micronutrient Supplement Blister, Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Bottle, Iron Folic Acid Blister
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kenda CunninghamHelen Keller Intl, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-1349
Sasmita PoudelHelen Keller Intl, Kathmandu, Nepal. SPoudel2@hki.org.
Mai-Anh HoangHelen Keller Intl, New York, USA.
Aman Sen GuptaHelen Keller Intl, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Ramesh AdhikariHelen Keller Intl, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Dirghayu K CHelen Keller Intl, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Diwakar MohanJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
Yashodhara RanaEleanor Crook Foundation, Washington D.C., USA.
Bibek Kumar LalMinistry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Lila Bikram ThapaMinistry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rolf KlemmHelen Keller Intl, New York, USA.

Funding

Eleanor Crook Foundation 66677-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women contribute to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) has proven its superiority when compared to the standard iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The Government of Nepal is exploring the scale-up of MMS, but first requires evidence such as on its adherence and acceptability. The objective of this study, thus, is to generate this needed evidence.

methodsThe Non-inferiority Assessment of Maternal Adherence to Supplements, a Trial on the Effects of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (NAMASTE-MMS) in Nepal study is a three-arm, parallel, non-inferiority cluster-randomized controlled trial (c-RCT) assessing how well pregnant women adhere to and accept different types of supplements: MMS in blister packs or bottles versus IFA in blister packs. In one of Nepal's seven provinces, Lumbini, the longitudinal NAMASTE-MMS study is being implemented across 120 health facilities (clusters), enrolling 2640 pregnant women into one of three arms: IFA-blister, MMS-blister, or MMS-bottle. The primary outcome is adherence to 180 supplements during pregnancy, measured by tablet counts with a non-inferiority margin of 13%. Secondary outcomes include comparisons of adherence between the two MMS arms and utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC), both potentially impacted by type of packaging. Exploratory outcomes include comparisons of adherence as well as the degree of acceptability to supplementation during early and mid pregnancy and post-partum. DISCUSSION: Evidence generated from this study and three related mixed-methods implementation research studies will help the government in its potential scale-up of MMS supplementation during pregnancy and lactation.

trial registrationNCT06327646 (ClinicalTrials.gov, March 18, 2024 registered).

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsMicronutrientsPregnancy ComplicationsEquivalence Trials as TopicFemaleFolic AcidHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicNepalPregnancyPrenatal CareFolic AcidMicronutrientsAcceptabilityAdherenceAntenatalIron and folic acidMultiple micronutrient supplementationNepalPostnatalPost-partumPregnancyTrial

Identifiers

PMID41233886
PMCPMC12613700

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.