"What does the word loneliness mean to you?" Reflections on co-developing public engagement workshops to facilitate discussions of loneliness with older adults from ethnically diverse groups.

backgroundLoneliness is a growing public health concern with known health and wellbeing consequences. The issue is often overlooked in ethnically diverse groups despite language and cultural barriers increasing the risk of social isolation. It is important to deepen our understanding of loneliness in later life from a multi-cultural perspective to design loneliness interventions that are appropriate within and across ethnic groups. In this commentary, we present a case study of our involvement activities with underrepresented ethnic groups to design and facilitate loneliness workshops. We share a joint reflection from academic and public authors on lessons learned and recommendations for future engagement activities.

methodsIn three, one-off public engagement workshops, we aimed to create an inclusive and culturally appropriate space for people from ethnically diverse groups to facilitate discussion on loneliness in later life and share strategies to manage emotions. In a co-production process, a lived experience contributor worked closely with a university researcher to design the Connect and Cope workshops. Next, we collaborated with public contributors from organisations supporting older adults in the communities who facilitated discussions in the preferred language of workshop attendees. All workshops were tailored to the specific needs of each group.

resultsBetween June and July 2023, we engaged 46 people over the age of 65 from South Asian (n = 10), Chinese (n = 16) and Somali (n = 20) communities. Our Reflections are presented in three themes: 1) Co-design process, where we reflect on the value of lived experience advice in workshop design; 2) Facilitation of workshops, where we reflect on the importance of shared experience and language; and 3) Engagement with community groups, where we reflect on the role of trusted gatekeepers to support engagement.

conclusionWe highlight the benefits of a co-production approach with members of the community being engaged. For future PPIE activities involving ethnically diverse groups, we recommend utilising community organisations to act as trusted gatekeepers between universities and communities of interest. A deeper understanding of loneliness from a multi-cultural perspective is vital for informing the development of culturally appropriate interventions for loneliness reduction.