Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41233809›Full record

SynthesisBMC medical informatics and decision making2025

Common data models and data standards for tabular health data: a systematic review.

Melissa Finster, Markus Wenzel, Elham Taghizadeh

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Tumor metrics imaging core labs: primer for radiologists.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Melissa FinsterDepartment, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany. melissa.finster@mevis.fraunhofer.de.
Markus Wenzel *Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Elham Taghizadeh *Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of health data supports knowledge-based decision-making in healthcare. Common Data Models (CDMs) and data standards facilitate the integration of diverse data sources and enable federated analysis by harmonizing data formats and terminologies.

methodsTo determine the best approaches to harmonizing patient data, we undertook a comprehensive literature search, which allowed us to identify the most popular and established CDMs (i2b2, Sentinel CDM, PCORnet CDM, OMOP CDM) and data standards (CDA, HL7 version 2, FHIR, openEHR). We established a set of criteria across the categories of Suitability, Popularity, Adaptability, Interoperability, and Support.

resultsThe CDMs and data standards are evaluated based on the defined criteria. Overall criteria the OMOP CDM and FHIR scored best. We highlight the strongest CDM and data standard for each criteria category.

conclusionGiven the unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each CDM and data standard, no single global representation can be selected. To promote broad adoption of CDMs and data standards, it is essential to enable transformation between different representations and utilize various formats within a single tool to facilitate their interoperability. Only then seamless data exchange and research across borders can be achieved. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Common Data ElementsElectronic Health RecordsHealth Information InteroperabilityModels, TheoreticalHumansCommon data modelData harmonizationData standardFAIR-PrinciplesInteroperability

Identifiers

PMID41233809
PMCPMC12616946

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.