ArticleMolecular cancer2025
The enhanced cancer nanovaccine by bidirectionally blocking CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Molecular cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reprogramming the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via FAP-Targeted Nanoprobes for Multimodal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Targeted Nanomedicine in Solid Tumor Therapy: From Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance to Precision Stromal Modulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The chemokine network in triple-negative breast cancer: its role in immune microenvironment regulation, and prospects for targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circular RNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In situ cancer vaccine is a new method for cancer immunotherapy, however, the local immunosuppressive microenvironment of cancer tissue limits its immune response and therapeutic efficacy. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a key role in forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this study, siCXCR4 (S) was used as an "immune adjuvant" and co-loaded with hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) to develop an in situ cancer nanovaccine (HCPT/S@CaP/HA) for synergistically inhibiting the growth, recurrence and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). HCPT/S@CaP/HA actively targeted to orthotopic TNBC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), induced the immunogenic death of orthotopic TNBC cells to promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Meanwhile, HCPT/S@CaP/HA also reduced the secretion of CXCL12 by CAFs and silenced the expression of CXCR4 in TNBC tissue to bidirectionally block the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, thereby synergistically reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in orthotopic TNBC tissues, and subsequently inhibiting the growth of orthotopic TNBC. Moreover, HCPT/S@CaP/HA inhibited the recurrence of TNBC by synergistically increasing the percentage of memory T lymphocytes in the spleen tissue of mice, and it diminished the spontaneous lung metastasis of orthotopic TNBC by promoting the presentation of TNBC antigens and activating TNBC-specific immune responses immune responses. HCPT/S@CaP/HA is a potential in situ cancer nanovaccine for the immunotherapy of TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.