Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41233691›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Development of a Patient Decision Aid to Prevent Firearm Suicide Among US Women Reserve and National Guard Veterans.

Anne G Sadler, Michelle A Mengeling, Brian L Cook, James C Torner, Mark Vander Weg, Alison B Hamilton, Jonathan Platt, Amanda Heeren, Lindsey Fuhrmeister, Jeffrey L Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anne G SadlerVHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (VRHRC), VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA. anne-sadler@uiowa.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5020-3752
Michelle A MengelingVHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (VRHRC), VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Brian L CookDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
James C TornerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Mark Vander WegVHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (VRHRC), VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Alison B HamiltonVA Center for the Study of Innovation, Implementation & Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jonathan PlattDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Amanda HeerenVHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (VRHRC), VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Lindsey FuhrmeisterVHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (VRHRC), VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Jeffrey L SmithVA Behavioral Health Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI), Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Funding

Office of Rural Health Nomad #PROJ-03858
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFirearms are the leading method of suicide death among women Veterans, accounting for nearly half of such deaths. Interventions addressing firearm suicide prevention for women Veterans are under-studied.

objectiveTo develop a patient decision aid (PtDA) tailored for Reserve and National Guard (RNG) women Veterans to promote safe firearm storage and suicide prevention through informed decision-making.

designMulti-phase mixed-methods study including qualitative interviews, semi-structured surveys.

participants86 stakeholders: 60 women Veterans, 26 providers. APPROACH: Phase 1 qualitative interviews obtained RNG women Veterans' (n = 35) and providers' (n = 26) preferences and recommendations for conversations about firearm suicide risk mitigation. Phase 2 surveyed members of a women Veterans engagement group about the PtDA prototype's acceptability and utility. Phase 3 interviewed RNG women Veteran gun owners (n = 20) about their satisfaction with using the PtDA alone or with shared decision-making (SDM). KEY

resultsPhase 1 findings informed the PtDA prototype development, refined in Phase 2. In Phase 3, Veterans reported high satisfaction with the PtDA's information, tone, and preventative approach. Most agreed Veterans could complete the PtDA safety plan without provider assistance. Nearly half (9/20; 45%) reviewing the PtDA using SDM reported having loaded guns accessible at all times. Most (14/20; 70%) indicated SDM made them more likely to identify and act on a safety plan than if they received the PtDA alone. Nearly all (19/20; 95%) agreed VA providers should routinely use SDM when discussing firearms and suicide risk. All would recommend SDM to other Veterans. Most (19/20; 95%) indicated they would follow their plan to talk with someone about holding their firearms. All indicated they would hand off their firearm if their suicide risk escalated.

conclusionsVeterans' high satisfaction with this PtDA indicates its potential to encourage firearm safety planning, engage support, and foster firearm safety conversations to prevent suicide among women Veterans.

Indexed as

Decision Support TechniquesFirearmsPatient ParticipationSuicide PreventionVeteransAdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedUnited Statesfirearm safetypatient decision aidshared decision-makingsuicide preventionwomen veterans

Identifiers

PMID41233691
PMCPMC13241574

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.