ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Respiratory Emergencies in Pediatrics: Associations in Redlining, Air Quality and Traffic Regulation The REPARATION Study during COVID-19.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 stay-at-home order created a temporary period of reduced air pollution in San Diego County, offering a natural experiment to assess how cleaner air affects pediatric respiratory health. Historical housing discrimination through redlining has left lasting environmental and health inequities, particularly for non-White and low-income communities.
objectiveTo evaluate whether children in socially vulnerable or historically redlined neighborhoods experienced greater reductions in respiratory emergency department (ED) visits during the COVID-19 lockdown.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 101,733 pediatric ED encounters (2016-2020) at Rady Children's Hospital. Weekly respiratory visits encounter rates during weeks 10-15 of 2020 were compared to the 2016-2019 baseline. ZIP code-level social vulnerability was measured using the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and historical redlining grades from the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) were spatially linked to the ED data. Correlations and Welch's t-tests assessed associations between respiratory visit changes, SVI quintiles, and HOLC grades.
resultsRespiratory ED visits declined by 0.25-1.4 visits per week across ZIP codes during the lockdown, with the greatest reductions observed in areas with high Minority Status and Language SVI scores (p 0.001). Historically redlined (HOLC grade D) neighborhoods overlapped with high-SVI areas and showed significantly greater vulnerability (p 0.001).
conclusionsCleaner air during the COVID-19 lockdown corresponded with fewer pediatric respiratory emergencies, especially in historically marginalized neighborhoods. These findings highlight how structural inequities continue to influence respiratory health and emphasize the need for equitable pollution-reduction policies.
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