Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41232749›Full record

Trial reportInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2026

Comparison of the immunogenicity of adjuvanted and conventional egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel in Lima, Peru: A randomized controlled trial.

Perrine Marcenac, Giselle Soto, Tat Yau, Joseph Daniel Carreon, Candice Romero, Miriam Gonzales, Sayda La Rosa, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Michael Prouty, Roger A Hernández Díaz and 9 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06054269 (Randomized Controlled Trial, Double Blind, Phase III, to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Among Health Care Personnel), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06054269 phase3completednot on this map

Randomized Controlled Trial, Double Blind, Phase III, to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Among Health Care Personnel (EDUCATE)

TypeinterventionalSponsorCenters for Disease Control and PreventionRan2022 to 2026Enrolled192ConditionsInfluenzaArmsFLUAD Quadrivalent, FluQuadri
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Perrine MarcenacInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address: pmarcenac@cdc.gov.
Giselle SotoU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.
Tat YauInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Joseph Daniel CarreonInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Candice RomeroVysnova Partners LLC ‒ Global Advisory & Management Services, Alexandria, USA.
Miriam GonzalesVysnova Partners LLC ‒ Global Advisory & Management Services, Alexandria, USA.
Sayda La RosaVysnova Partners LLC ‒ Global Advisory & Management Services, Alexandria, USA.
Carmen Sofia ArriolaInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Michael ProutyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.
Roger A Hernández DíazHospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Fiorela Alvarez RomeroHospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Alejandro Llanos-CuentasHospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Eduardo D Matos PradoHospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru.
Maria SilvaU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.
Ashley FowlkesInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Min Z LevineInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Eduardo Azziz-BaumgartnerInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Lindsey M DucaInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Joan NeyraU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV4) generates superior immunogenicity against influenza viruses compared to conventional quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) among healthcare personnel (HCP) in Lima, Peru.

methodsDuring 2022-2023, we randomized 192 HCP aged ≥18 years to receive 2022 Southern Hemisphere IIV4 or aIIV4 and collected pre-, 1-month post-, and 6-months post-vaccination sera. Geometric mean titers (GMTs), GMT ratios, seroconversion rates (SCR), and seroprotection rates (SPR) were compared against vaccine reference viruses-influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata-using hemagglutination inhibition assays.

resultsMost HCP (77-99%) had titers ≥40 following vaccination. One-month post-vaccination, aIIV4 induced higher GMTs (GMT ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.1-2.7]) and SCR (88.4% [80.4-93.4] vs 62.1% [52.1-71.2]) against A(H1N1)pdm09 and higher SCR (82.1% [73.2-88.5] vs 62.1% [52.1-71.2]) against A(H3N2) compared to IIV4. At 6 months, aIIV4 induced higher SPR against A(H3N2) (90.4% [82.8-94.9] vs 74.0% [64.4-81.7]) than IIV4. IIV4 recipients vaccinated the preceding influenza season had lower odds of seroconverting to A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to IIV4 recipients who were not vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29 [0.13-0.63], P = 0.002).

conclusionThese findings provide insights into the benefits of an enhanced influenza vaccine (aIIV4) to help overcome the immune blunting effects of repeat vaccination among HCP. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT06054269.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelImmunogenicity, VaccineInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdolescentAdultAntibodies, ViralFemaleHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza B virusMaleMiddle AgedAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, ViralInfluenza VaccinesVaccines, InactivatedHealthcare personnelInfluenzaVaccination

Identifiers

PMID41232749
PMCPMC13244592

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.