Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41231058›Full record

ReviewActa medica academica2025

Virtual and Augmented Reality in Anatomy Education: Exploring New Horizons.

Dimitrios Nikas, Margarita Toumanidou, Dimitrios Vergados, Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos, Nikolaos Tsolis, Dimitrios Filippou, Theodoros Troupis, Andreas Koumenis, Ioannis Kalemikerakis, Stamatis Karakatsanis and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Acta medica academica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Dimitrios NikasLaboratory of Anatomy, Advanced Anatomical Applications, Artificial Intelligence, and Experimental Surgical Research (AAAAAIES Lab), Athens, Greece; Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
Margarita ToumanidouCenter of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Lymphedema-Lymphatic Diseases of Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece. ritatoum89@gmail.com.
Dimitrios VergadosUniversity of Piraeus, Greece.
Theodoros Mariolis-SapsakosLaboratory of Anatomy, Advanced Anatomical Applications, Artificial Intelligence, and Experimental Surgical Research (AAAAAIES Lab), Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos TsolisUniversity of Piraeus, Greece.
Dimitrios FilippouDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Theodoros TroupisDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Andreas KoumenisLaboratory of Anatomy, Advanced Anatomical Applications, Artificial Intelligence, and Experimental Surgical Research (AAAAAIES Lab), Athens, Greece; Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
Ioannis KalemikerakisLaboratory of Nursing Rehabilitation of the Chronically Ill (NRCILab), Community Nursing Department, Nursing School, University of West Attica, Greece.
Stamatis KarakatsanisThird Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Evangelos DimakakosCenter of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Lymphedema-Lymphatic Diseases of Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece; Anatomy-Physiology, Nursing School, University of West Attica, Greece. edimakakos@yahoo.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review explores how virtual and augmented reality technologies are transforming medical education and clinical practice, particularly in anatomy instruction. Virtual and augmented reality technologies are reshaping our perception and interaction with anatomical structures. Their integration into medical practice has introduced opportunities in diagnostics, surgical training, rehabilitation, and patient education. With the increasing number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals, these technologies offer a transformative shift in the teaching and practice of medicine. Virtual environments facilitate detailed anatomical visualization, offering students and trainees immersive and interactive experiences. This paper highlights the role of these technologies in enhancing educational methods, improving knowledge retention, and overcoming traditional limitations, such as the scarcity of cadavers.

conclusionVirtual and augmented reality offer novel educational tools in the health sciences, providing cost-effective, accessible, and innovative approaches to anatomy education and clinical application. Further research is required to elucidate the benefits of these technologies in the education and training of medical students.

Indexed as

AnatomyAugmented RealityComputer-Assisted InstructionEducation, MedicalEducation, Medical, UndergraduateVirtual RealityHumansAnatomy EducationAugmented RealityHealth SciencesMedical TechnologyVirtual Reality

Identifiers

PMID41231058
PMCPMC12739875

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.