ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Associations Between Retinal Microvasculature, Orbital Blood Flow, and Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Adults.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Age-Related Neurovascular Dysfunction in the Retina and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether retinal microvascular structures reflect orbital and cerebral perfusion in healthy adults across the lifespan. Methods: Arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ocular coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) data acquired from 93 healthy adults (ages = 21-85 years) across two sites were analyzed to quantify orbital blood flow (OBF; retinal and choroidal), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and retinal vessel density (VD) in the superficial plexus (SVP), deep vascular plexus (DVP), and total vascular network (RVN) via fractal analysis. Correlations among retinal VD, OBF, and CBF were evaluated. The reproducibility of OBF was also assessed in a subset (N = 21) of participants. Results: OBF showed good reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.836, P < 0.001) and correlated positively with gray matter (GM) CBF (r = 0.24, P = 0.034) and its anterior circulation territories (r = 0.26, P = 0.020). OCTA VD in DVP also showed a positive correlation with anterior circulation CBF (r = 0.40, P = 0.0039) and a trend with OBF (r = 0.27, P = 0.052). OBF, GM CBF, and OCTA VD declined with age, and their associations were age-dependent. Conclusions: Associations among VD, OBF, and anterior circulation CBF suggest that there are associations between retinal microvascular density and both OBF and CBF in healthy aging, supporting OCTA and ASL as complementary tools to assess orbital and cerebral microvascular health across aging and, more broadly, the notion of the eye as a window to the brain with respect to vascular integrity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.