SynthesisThe International journal of eating disorders2026
The Associations Between Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and Orthorexia Nervosa Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The International journal of eating disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Associations Between Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and Orthorexia Nervosa Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Eating Disorder Risk, Healthy Orthorexia, and Orthorexia Nervosa Among Women Following Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Dietary Patterns in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo synthesize the evidence on the associations between vegetarian and/or vegan diets (VVDs) and symptoms of orthorexia nervosa (ON) compared with omnivorous diets in the adult population.
methodFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase/Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases up to June 17, 2025, with no language or date restrictions. Random effects models with the Sidik-Jonkman method were used to estimate pooled effect sizes.
resultsThe meta-analysis included 26 cross-sectional studies with a total of 23,783 participants (72.0% female; mean age range: 19.6-51.0 years). Adults who followed VVDs had moderately higher ON symptoms compared to omnivores (standardized mean differences using Cohen's d index = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 0.60; inconsistency index [I DISCUSSION: Adherence to VVD is associated with higher ON symptoms in young and middle-aged adults. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity and the low overall methodological quality of the exclusively cross-sectional studies included. Higher-quality longitudinal studies using validated assessment tools are needed to establish clearer causal relationships and inform clinical screening and intervention strategies.
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