ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
First report of acute African swine fever in pig farms on the west coast of India: pathological and molecular insights.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- African swine fever in the era of global expansion: Epidemiology, transmission dynamics, viral evolution, and One Health control strategies.Veterinary world · 2026Review
- Continued circulation of African swine fever virus Genotype II in Mizoram, India, 2023-2025: molecular and phylogenetic evidence.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Early Detection and Long-Term Monitoring as a Strategy for African Swine Fever Outbreak Control and a Comparative Study on the Reproductive Performance of Convalescent and Naïve Sows in a Commercial Farm in Thailand.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- First Evidence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and African Swine Fever Virus Natural Co-Infection in Pigs from Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Investigation.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology, spatiotemporal patterns, and economic impact of African swine fever in Meghalaya, India.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
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Abstract
Background: African swine fever (ASF) represents one of the most devastating viral threats to global pig production, with mortality often approaching 100% and severe socioeconomic consequences. India confirmed its first ASF outbreaks in 2020 in the north-eastern states, but no cases had previously been documented on the west coast. This study presents the first confirmed ASF outbreaks in pig farms on India's west coast, providing clinicopathological and molecular insights. Materials: Between January and June 2025, two pig farms in North Goa experienced unusually high mortalities. The affected pigs were clinically examined, and necropsies were performed on eight carcasses for detailed pathological analysis. Tissue samples (spleen, kidneys, lungs, liver, and lymph nodes) and blood were collected for histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis. African swine fever virus (ASFV) was detected using PCR targeting the Results: Both farms exhibited extremely high mortality (95%-96%), with affected pigs showing fever, depression, cyanosis, respiratory distress, and widespread cutaneous hemorrhages. Gross pathology revealed splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, severely congested kidneys with petechial hemorrhages, hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy, and vascular congestion. Histopathology demonstrated severe lymphoid depletion, necrosis, and hemorrhages in the spleen and lymph nodes, along with glomerulonephritis in the kidneys. ASFV was confirmed by PCR in all samples. Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolates in genotype II, showing complete identity with earlier Indian and Asian strains, indicating continued circulation of this lineage in the region. Conclusion: The emergence of ASF in Goa highlights the spread of genotype II to India's west coast, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen farm biosecurity, raise farmer awareness, and implement active surveillance to protect the expanding pig sector from severe economic losses.
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