ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin open2025
Distress and Negative Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Identification, Characterization, and Neurostructural Profiles.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Distress as a bridge to suicidality in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a network-based intervention simulation study.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Heterogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is a major challenge to implementing personalized medicine and uncovering etiological pathways. Recent work identified subtypes of schizophrenia that exhibit unique patterns of clinical symptoms and features using a common clinical scale. The current study sought to: (1) replicate prior identification of subtypes using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in a new cohort of people with schizophrenia; (2) further characterize differences between subtypes in symptoms, affect, cognition, functioning, and personality; and (3) determine if brain structure abnormalities vary across subtypes. Study Design: Phenotypic data were obtained on 356 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on a subset of 203 individuals with schizophrenia and 186 healthy people. A 2-step cluster analysis of PANSS data was used to identify subtypes of schizophrenia. Subtypes were compared on characteristics and brain volume. Study Results: Clustering revealed 3 clusters aligning with previous subtypes: distress, negative, and low symptom. The distress subtype demonstrated higher levels of negative emotions, neuroticism, and schizotypal personality traits. The negative subtype exhibited more severe cognitive impairment, higher levels of disorganized and anhedonia symptoms, and worse functioning. Abnormalities in cortical volumes followed a gradient, the negative subtype demonstrated the largest number of cortical regions with smaller volume relative to healthy people, followed by the distress subtype, then the low symptom subtype. In contrast, smaller subcortical volumes were consistent across subtypes. Conclusions: Our findings support the presence of subtypes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders that differ in affect, cognition, functioning, personality, and brain structure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.