ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2025
Analysis of risk factors for kidney stones in patients with hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.
Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Current and emerging drugs for Parkinson's disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
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Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia is a growing public health concern and a well-established risk factor for nephrolithiasis. However, the specific interplay of demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors that contribute to kidney stone formation within this high-risk population is not fully elucidated, particularly in a large, nationally representative cohort. This study aimed to identify the demographic, clinical, and biochemical risk factors for kidney stones in patients with hyperuricemia using a large, nationally representative U.S. cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 661 patients with hyperuricemia from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 cycles. The presence of kidney stones was determined based on the questionnaire item #KIQ026. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to model the dose-response relationships. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the combined predictive value of the identified risk factors. Results: Among the 661 patients with hyperuricemia, 78 (11.8%) reported a history of kidney stones. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that comorbid hypertension [odds ratio (OR) =2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-4.21], total serum calcium (OR =0.04, 95% CI: 0.003-0.68), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR =1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were significantly associated with kidney stones. The dose-response analysis revealed a negative linear relationship between total serum calcium and the risk of kidney stones (P for non-linearity =0.18) and a positive linear relationship between BUN and the risk (P for non-linearity =0.68). The ROC curve based on these factors yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.651-0.730), indicating moderate predictive ability, with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 51.3%. Conclusions: The prevalence of kidney stones in patients with hyperuricemia is influenced by comorbid hypertension, total serum calcium, and BUN. For patients with hyperuricemia, strategies such as controlling blood pressure, maintaining a balanced calcium intake, and optimizing protein intake could be beneficial and warrant further evaluation in preventing the occurrence of kidney stones. These findings require further validation in future studies.
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