ArticleBiophysics reports2025
Bacterial restriction-modification systems: mechanisms of defense against phage infection.
Article in Biophysics reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anti-phage defense systems in bacteria: molecular mechanisms and their role in shaping phage therapy strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage-bacteria coevolution: from molecular arms races to ecological and applied perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Characterization of a novel phage-plasmid vB_EcoM_ED targeting multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- OT-Curtains: an approach for studying protein interactions with DNA ends using optical tweezers and confocal fluorescence microscopy.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Iron and peroxide regulation of the PrrF sRNAs and a conserved ferritin family protein inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- A methylome-derived mbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Reprogramming Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved various defense mechanisms against bacteriophage invasion, driven by a long-term evolutionary arms race. Among them, restriction-modification (R-M) systems, which protect bacteria by DNA restriction and modification, are prominent. R-M systems are categorized based on their DNA methylation mechanisms, restriction activities, and cofactor dependencies. Here, we review the molecular basis of R-M systems and the diverse strategies used by bacteriophages to evade these defenses. Furthermore, we highlight the co-evolutionary dynamics between R-M systems and phage countermeasures, providing insights into new approaches to combat bacterial resistance and pathogenicity. Beyond their defensive roles, the multifunctionality of R-M systems in broader biological and biotechnological contexts is also discussed.
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Registered trials
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