Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41229822›Full record

ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2025

Continuing immune checkpoint inhibitors after pseudoprogression improves survival in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aiben Huang, Mei Xie, Chongchong Wu, Jie Gao, Xidong Ma, Hui Deng, Jialin Song, Jing Liu, Jie Yao, Xuwen Lin and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Is Pseudo-progression post-CAR T therapy real?Clinical hematology international · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Aiben Huang *Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Mei Xie *Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Chongchong WuDepartment of Radiology, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jie GaoDepartment of Pathology, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xidong MaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hui DengDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jialin SongSchool of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Jing LiuSchool of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Jie YaoDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xuwen LinDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xin ZhangSchool of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Xinyu BaoSchool of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Yiming LiuDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xuelei ZangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Fangping RenDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Li PangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jin QianDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhiqiang XueDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Lei PanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xinying XueDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-8034

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Pseudoprogression (PsP) in lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) complicates treatment decisions. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of continuing versus discontinuing ICI post-PsP and developed tools for PsP identification via an individual patient data (IPD) pooled analysis. Methods: This IPD pooled analysis included 40 PsP cases (4 institutional cases + 36 literature-derived cases, who were categorized into continued-ICI and interrupted-ICI groups. Prognoses were compared using Fisher's exact test (12-month survival) and Kaplan-Meier/log-rank tests (median overall survival). A chest computed tomography (CT) pattern diagram and proposed diagnostic-therapeutic framework were developed. Results: The median time to PsP onset was 8 weeks. Initially, 87.5% of cases were misclassified as progressive disease (PD) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), whereas Immune-Related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) corrected such misclassifications. Continued ICI treatment was associated with significantly longer median overall survival (16.6 Conclusions: Continuing ICIs post-PsP improves outcomes in lung cancer patients. iRECIST facilitates the accurate diagnosis of PsP, while chest CT pattern diagrams and a diagnostic-therapeutic framework contribute to optimizing the management of immunotherapy. Prospective trials are warranted to validate this framework.

Indexed as

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)Immune-Related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)individual patient data pooled analysis (IPD pooled analysis)lung cancerpseudoprogression (PsP)

Identifiers

PMID41229822
PMCPMC12603426

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.