ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Psychological distress, loneliness, and satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study comparing migrants and non-migrants in Norway.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted migrants' health and well-being, with some effects becoming evident months into the crisis. Psychological distress, loneliness, and satisfaction with life, which are indicators closely tied to mental health and well-being, were critically affected during the pandemic. However, comparative longitudinal studies of these parameters across migrant and non-migrant population remain scarce. This study compares the evolution of psychological distress, loneliness, and satisfaction with life during the pandemic between migrants and non-migrants in Norway. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from three timepoints (March/April-2020, January-2021, March-2022) of the Bergen in Change study. The sample included 25,412 participants, with 512 (2%) migrants from Asia, Africa, or Latin America and 1,253 (5%) migrants from other regions. Psychological distress, loneliness, and satisfaction with life were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10, the UCLA loneliness scale, and UK Office of National Statistics experimental evaluative subjective well-being question, respectively. Analyses included descriptive statistics, box plots, and linear mixed regressions presented with coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. Results: At baseline, migrants reported higher levels of psychological distress and loneliness compared to non-migrants. Specifically, migrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America reported 6.0% higher psychological distress and 7.7% higher loneliness than non-migrants, while migrants from other regions reported 4.3 and 5.4% higher levels, respectively. The evolution of both outcomes differed over time. The absolute gap of psychological distress between migrants to non-migrants narrowed by 1.4% per year for migrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America [-1.4(-2.4; -0.3)] and by 0.8% for migrants from other regions [-0.8(-1.4; -0.2)]. In contrast, differences in loneliness between migrants from other regions and non-migrants increased by 1.5% per year [1.5(0.2; 2.9)]. Satisfaction with life did not differ significantly between groups and showed similar trends over time. Conclusion: Higher burden of psychological distress and loneliness were consistently reported by migrants compared to non-migrants throughout the pandemic, while levels of satisfaction with life remained similar across groups. Differential changes over time in psychological distress and loneliness were also observed. These patterns may reflect the influence of underlying factors such as resilience, social isolation, and discrimination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.