Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41229180›Full record

ArticleNeurourology and urodynamics2026

What Is Required for AI to Improve the Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction? ICI-RS 2025.

Glenn T Werneburg, Michel Wyndaele, John E Speich, Enrico Finazzi Agro, Mo Belal, Sachin Malde, George Bou Kheir, Emre Huri, Arjun K Nambiar, Giovanni Mosiello and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurourology and urodynamics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Glenn T WerneburgUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-672X
Michel WyndaeleDepartment of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-2569
John E SpeichDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-4098
Enrico Finazzi AgroUrology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-8824
Mo BelalDepartment of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Sachin MaldeDepartment of Urology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
George Bou KheirDepartment of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, ERN accredited centrum, Ghent, Belgium.
Emre HuriDepartment of Urology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey.
Arjun K NambiarDepartment of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Giovanni MosielloDivision of Neuro-Urology, Bambino Gesù Children"s Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Riccardo LombardoUnit of Urology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-3159
Phil Toozs-HobsonDepartment of Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Christopher R ChappleDepartment of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, UK.
Alan J WeinPerelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Paul AbramsBristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-2200
Kevin RademakersDepartment of Urology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-6920

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is poised to improve the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Its effective deployment requires prioritization, regulatory oversight, rigorous validation, and clinician and patient engagement.

methodsThe Think Tank at the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) 2025 evaluated key considerations for successful AI implementation into LUTD clinical care. The topics included clinical triage framework, regulatory and legal principles, levels of evidence required for validation, and clinician and patient engagement to guide development. The group developed a narrative of the pressing matters related to AI implementation and a list of proposed research questions, which, when addressed, will help shape the future of the field.

resultsLUTD topics that should be prioritized for AI implementation include high-burden conditions with high unmet need such as neurogenic LUTD, bladder outlet obstruction, and overactive bladder. Regulatory frameworks such as the EU AI Act and the U.S. "Software as a Medical Device" and its associated guidance promote safety, transparency, and accountability. AI solutions should be as rigorously evaluated as other clinical devices or drug agents. Patient and clinician engagement are paramount to ensure innovation aligns with the pressing needs of patients and clinicians.

conclusionsAI's integration into LUTD care requires cross-disciplinary collaboration, prospective validation, and legal and ethical frameworks. AI must be developed and implemented with a strong focus on transparency, trust, and patient-centered care. CLINICAL

trial registrationThis study is not a clinical trial and thus does not warrant registration as such.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceLower Urinary Tract SymptomsHumansartificial intelligence (AI)bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)EU AI Actlower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD)machine learningoveractive bladder (OAB)Software as a Medical Device (SaMD)

Identifiers

PMID41229180
PMCPMC13238386

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.