Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41229034›Full record

ArticleJournal of dental education2026

Workforce Representation and Service in Shortage Areas: Outcomes of a HBCU College of Dentistry, Class 2004-2023.

Marzia Mustamand, Minxuan Lan, Esther Childers, Cheryl Fryer, Kingsley Kanjin, Emma Ta-Zhou, Najah Abduh, Whittley Deleveaux, Raheem Pierre, Gail Cherry-Peppers and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dental education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Marzia MustamandHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Minxuan LanDepartment of Geography and Planning, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Esther ChildersHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Cheryl FryerHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Kingsley KanjinDepartment of Geography and Planning, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Emma Ta-ZhouWalt Whitman High School, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Najah AbduhHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Whittley DeleveauxHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Raheem PierreHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Gail Cherry-PeppersHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Reginald SalterHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Deborah Nixon-WillisHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Tanya GreenfieldHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Dexter WoodsHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Andrea JacksonHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Xinbin GuHoward University College of Dentistry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Funding

Howard University Summer Research Education Experience Program in Oral HealthR25DE032527 · NIDCR · HOWARD UNIVERSITY · PI XINBIN GU, TZYY-CHOOU WU · 2023 to 2026
$529k
NIDCR/NIH R25DE032527NIDCR NIH HHS R25 DE032527
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study examines Howard University College of Dentistry's (HUCD) contributions to dental education, focusing on its role in strengthening workforce representation, expanding access to care in dental health professional shortage areas (DHPSAs) and medically underserved areas (MUAs), and addressing persistent oral health disparities.

methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 1473 HUCD graduates from the Classes of 2004-2023, using data verified through publicly available sources. Variables included gender, race/ethnicity, and practice location. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping identified practices within DHPSAs and MUAs, and the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to calculate accessibility scores for census tracts in Washington, DC.

resultsAmong 1292 graduates with complete data, 59% were female and 50% identified as African American. On average, 68.4% of graduates practiced in DHPSAs or MUAs, with higher levels of service in communities with larger African American (19.98%) and Hispanic/Latino (20.10%) populations. GIS analysis showed concentrations of HUCD graduates in the Washington, DC, Beltway and Texas. The 2SFCA mapping revealed that Wards 5, 7, and 8, areas with the largest African American populations in Washington, DC, experience the most significant access challenges, and the HUCD's clinic primarily serve patients from these areas.

conclusionHUCD has demonstrated success in preparing graduates to provide care in underserved communities, advancing its mission to improve oral health outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of continued investment in educational models that strengthen the workforce and expand access to care.

Indexed as

Education, DentalMedically Underserved AreaSchools, DentalDistrict of ColumbiaFemaleGeographic Information SystemsHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHumansProfessional Practice LocationRetrospective Studiesdental clinicdental educationhealth disparitiesMedicaidunderserved areasworkforce representation

Identifiers

PMID41229034
PMCPMC13489172

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.