Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41228953›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Enhanced Reaction Time Measurement System Based on 3D Accelerometer in Athletics.

Antonio Pousibet-Garrido, Juan A Moreno-Pérez, Pablo Escobedo, Israel Caraballo, José V Gutiérrez-Manzanedo, José L González-Montesinos, Miguel A Carvajal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Antonio Pousibet-GarridoPRIMELab, ECsens, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9393-5846
Juan A Moreno-PérezPRIMELab, ECsens, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0933-5224
Pablo EscobedoPRIMELab, ECsens, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1701-8878
Israel CaraballoDepartment of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9767-0163
José V Gutiérrez-ManzanedoDepartment of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0621-0469
José L González-MontesinosDepartment of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6867-7718
Miguel A CarvajalPRIMELab, ECsens, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0234-4758

Funding

by Consejo Superior de Deportes (Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte) SensorSportLab IV
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reaction time (RT) is a key measure of neuromuscular and cognitive performance, but most existing methods rely on laboratory equipment or focus on localized actions such as finger taps or foot lifts, limiting their relevance for whole-body movements. In this work, we present a portable inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based system specifically designed to measure RT during sprint starts. The device integrates a triaxial accelerometer (ICM-20948, ±16 g) and an ESP32 microcontroller, which generates an auditory stimulus, acquires acceleration data at 1 kHz, and computes movement onset in real time. A fixed acceleration threshold, determined from calibration against a high-speed camera reference, was used to detect the first voluntary movement. Both desktop and smartphone applications were implemented to control the system, provide feedback, and store test data. Validation experiments showed good agreement with the high-speed camera used as a reference (R

Indexed as

AccelerometryAthletic PerformanceReaction TimeSportsAccelerationHumansMaleMovementRunningSmartphoneathleticsinertial measurement unit (IMU)reaction time

Identifiers

PMID41228953
PMCPMC12609846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.