Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41228948›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

From Black Box to Transparency: The Impact of Multi-Level Visualization on User Trust in Autonomous Driving.

Mengniu Li, Ming Zhou, Yajun Li, Wentao Wei, Tianlu Zhu, Xun Xu, Linyan Ren, Nuowen Zhang, Renhan Xu, Jinye Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mengniu LiSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.ORCID 0009-0009-3226-1946
Ming ZhouSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.ORCID 0009-0004-5701-3416
Yajun LiSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.ORCID 0009-0005-3118-5719
Wentao WeiSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Tianlu ZhuSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1173-4264
Xun XuSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Linyan RenSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Nuowen ZhangSchool of Design Art & Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Renhan XuNanjing Institute of Electronic Equipment, Nanjing 210007, China.
Jinye LiCollege of Life and Ocean Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518057, China.

Funding

Social Science Foundation of the Department of Education of Jiangsu Province of China 2021SJZDA016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autonomous systems' "black-box" nature impedes user trust and adoption. To investigate explainable visualizations' impact on trust and cognitive states, we conducted a within-subjects study with 29 participants performing high-fidelity driving tasks across three transparency conditions: black-box, standard, and enhanced visualization. Multimodal data analysis revealed that enhanced visualization significantly increased perceived usefulness by 28.5% (

Indexed as

autonomous drivingcognitive loadexplainable visualizationeye-trackinghuman–machine trustmeaningful transparency

Identifiers

PMID41228948
PMCPMC12610778

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.