A Facial-Expression-Aware Edge AI System for Driver Safety Monitoring.

Road safety has emerged as a global issue, driven by the rapid rise in vehicle ownership and traffic congestion. Human error, like distraction, drowsiness, and panic, is the leading cause of road accidents. Conventional driver monitoring systems (DMSs) frequently fail to detect these emotional and cognitive states, limiting their potential to prevent accidents. To overcome these challenges, this work proposes a robust deep learning-based DMS framework capable of real-time detection and response to emotion-driven driver behaviors that pose safety risks. The proposed system employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs), specifically the Inception module and a Caffe-based ResNet-10 with a Single Shot Detector (SSD), to achieve efficient, accurate facial detection and classification. The DMS is trained on a comprehensive and diverse dataset from various public and private sources, ensuring robustness across a wide range of emotions and real-world driving scenarios. This approach enables the model to achieve an overall accuracy of 98.6%, an F1 score of 0.979, a precision of 0.980, and a recall of 0.979 across the four emotional states. Compared with existing techniques, the proposed model strikes an effective balance between computational efficiency and complexity, enabling the precise recognition of driving-relevant emotions, making it a practical and high-performing solution for real-world in-car driver monitoring systems.