Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41228787›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Measurement of Force and Position Using a Cantilever Beam and Multiple Strain Gauges: Sensing Principles and Design Considerations.

Carter T Noh, Kenneth Smith, Christian L Shamo, Jordan Porter, Kirsten Steele, Nathan D Ludlow, Ryan W Hall, Maeson G Holst, Alex R Williams, Douglas D Cook

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Carter T NohDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-4933-3200
Kenneth SmithDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-1446-5341
Christian L ShamoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Jordan PorterDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Kirsten SteeleDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Nathan D LudlowRobotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-7821-1168
Ryan W HallDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-2409-2691
Maeson G HolstDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Alex R WilliamsDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Douglas D CookDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1731-1978

Funding

National Institute of Food and Agriculture 2022-67022-37870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Simultaneous measurement of force and position often relies on delicate tactile sensing systems that only measure small forces at discrete positions. This study proposes a compact, durable sensor which can provide simultaneous and continuous measurements of force and position using multiple strain gauges mounted on a cantilever beam. When a point force is applied to the cantilever, the strain gauges are used to determine the magnitude of the applied force and its position along the beam. A major advantage of the force-position sensor concept is its compact electronics and durable sensing surface. We designed, tested, and evaluated three different prototypes for the force-position sensor concept. The prototypes achieved an average percent error of 1.71% and were highly linear. We also conducted a thorough analysis of design variables and their effects on performance. The force and position measurement ranges can be adjusted by tuning the material and geometric properties of the beam and the spacing of the strain gauges. The accuracy of force measurements is dependent upon applied load, but insensitive to the location of the applied load. Accuracy of position measurements is also dependent upon applied load and weakly dependent upon position of the applied load.

Indexed as

end effectorforce sensorgripperload cellposition sensorroboticsstrain gaugetactile sensing

Identifiers

PMID41228787
PMCPMC12610712

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.