ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Adaptive Nozzle Design in Material Extrusion.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study proposes an adaptive nozzle design for material extrusion-based food additive manufacturing (AM), integrating both mathematical modeling and finite element analysis. A theoretical framework is developed to correlate extrusion radius and nozzle diameter with process parameters such as feeding speed, nozzle velocity, and shear rate. The proposed model is extended to estimate volumetric extrusion rate and incorporate rheological parameters using the Hagen-Poiseuille relation. To validate the derived equations, static structural simulations are conducted in a computer simulation under varying pressures, nozzle diameters, temperatures, and input feeding diameters. The simulation results show that increased pressure and higher temperatures enhance extrusion efficiency, while larger nozzles and feeding diameters reduce flow resistance and improve extrusion stability. Collectively, these findings validate the predictive capability of the mathematical model and highlight the feasibility of adaptive nozzle systems for optimizing extrusion performance in food AM. The study provides a preliminary foundation for the future development of dynamic nozzle control strategies that enable improved print fidelity and process flexibility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.