Strength, Microstructural, and Environmental Performance of Phosphogypsum-GGBS-Carbide Slag Ternary Blended Cement.

Yunzhi Tan, Joseph Roland Atenga Essama, Chong Wang, Jun Wu, Huajun Ming

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yunzhi TanYichang Key Laboratory of the Resources Utilization for Problematic Soils, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.

Joseph Roland Atenga EssamaYichang Key Laboratory of the Resources Utilization for Problematic Soils, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.

Chong WangYichang Key Laboratory of the Resources Utilization for Problematic Soils, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.

Jun WuYichang Key Laboratory of the Resources Utilization for Problematic Soils, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0276-9679

Huajun MingYichang Key Laboratory of the Resources Utilization for Problematic Soils, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52209136Natural Science Foundation of Yichang A24-3-023

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) and Carbide Slag (CS) are two industrial byproducts that can be used as cementitious materials, and their synergistic effect provides excellent activation of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which is traditionally activated by lime (LM). However, the behavior of PG-GGBS-CS ternary blended cement remains largely unexplored. In this study, the mechanical performance, hydration mechanisms, and environmental profile of PG-GGBS-CS binders in comparison with PG-GGBS-LM were evaluated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS), XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The optimum formulation containing 30% PG achieved 24.88 ± 1.24 MPa at 28 d, statistically comparable to 25.6 ± 1.28 MPa for PG-GGBS-LM. The synergistic activation of PG and CS/LM on GGBS has been identified as a crucial factor in the strengthening of UCS in ternary blended cement. Hydration products consisted mainly of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels and Ettringite (AFt). Importantly, the CO

Indexed as

carbide slageco-binderstrengthsynergistic activationternary cement blended

Identifiers

PMID41227911

DOI10.3390/ma18214953

PMCPMC12608596

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.