A Feasibility Study to Determine Whether Neuromuscular Adaptations to Equine Water Treadmill Exercise Can Be Detected Using Synchronous Surface Electromyography and Kinematic Data.

Lindsay St George, Kathryn Nankervis, Victoria Walker, Christy Maddock, Amy Robinson, Jonathan Sinclair, Sarah Jane Hobbs

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Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lindsay St GeorgeResearch Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5531-1207

Kathryn NankervisEquine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1425-4987

Victoria WalkerEquine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5092-0951

Christy MaddockEquine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK.

Amy RobinsonDelsys Europe, Sale, Greater Manchester M33 2DH, UK.

Jonathan SinclairResearch Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.

Sarah Jane HobbsResearch Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1552-8647

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite growing evidence on the adaptive movement patterns that horses adopt during water treadmill (WT) exercise, underlying adaptations in muscle activity remain uninvestigated. This feasibility study aimed to develop a method for the synchronous measurement of muscle activity and movement of horses during WT exercise. Combined surface electromyography (sEMG) (2000 Hz) from selected hindlimb (biceps femoris, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae) and epaxial (longissimus dorsi) muscles, and three-dimensional kinematic (200 Hz) data from the back and pelvis of one (n = 1) horse were collected during overground (OG), dry treadmill (TM), and WT walking conditions. Statistical parametric mapping evaluated differences in time- and amplitude-normalised sEMG and thoracolumbar and pelvis kinematic waveforms between conditions. Distinct, significant (

Indexed as

biomechanicsequinehydrotherapymuscle activityrehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID41227519

DOI10.3390/ani15213189

PMCPMC12606775

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.