ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiota, Bile Acids, and Immune Response in Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Overview.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Observational
- Real-world data on clinical response to inflammatory bowel disease biological treatments in patients with concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case-control study.Gastroenterology report · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Driven Strategies for Managing IBD-Associated Risks: From Infections to Mental Health.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and host interactions in fibrotic diseases: mechanisms, cross-organ signatures, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: unraveling mechanisms and advancing surveillance and chemoprevention.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Global trends and emerging frontiers in cancer immunotherapy and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Bile Acid Profiles Define Disease-Specific Cholestatic States in Primary Sclerosing and Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, immune-mediated cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive bile duct inflammation and fibrosis. Its strong association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) highlights the possible role of the gut-liver axis in disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms that may contribute to the disruption of the gut-liver axis, leading to liver injury and the development of PSC. In particular, disruption of the intestinal barrier allows microbial products to enter the portal circulation, stimulating hepatic immune cells and triggering biliary inflammation. Concurrently, gut-primed lymphocytes expressing mucosal homing receptors migrate aberrantly to the liver, where they may contribute to biliary epithelial cell injury. Dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and the expansion of bile-tolerant and pro-inflammatory taxa, amplifies this immune activation and disturbs gut-liver homeostasis. Moreover, bile acids act as signaling molecules, regulating metabolism and immune responses through receptors such as FXR and TGR5. Dysregulation of these pathways may promote cholestasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. By understanding these interactions, we may identify novel therapeutic targets for PSC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.