Evaluating the Readability and Quality of Bladder Cancer Information from AI Chatbots: A Comparative Study Between ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Grok, Claude and DeepSeek.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Trust in Artificial Intelligence-Generated Oral Health Information and Its Influence on Patient Decision-Making: A Cross-Sectional Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026
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2. Evaluation and Comparison of Large Language Model Responses to Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Quality and Readability Assessment Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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3. Performance of large language models on the Turkish Pharmacy Specialty Examination: a comparative analysis of accuracy, confidence, and readability.Scientific reports · 2026
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4. Evaluation of Arabic-Language AI Chatbot Responses to Migraine-Related Questions: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
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5. Evaluating the efficacy and readability of advanced large language models in responding to patients' frequently asked questions about chronic rhinosinusitis: a comparative analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
   Article
6. Assessment of patient information quality provided by artificial intelligence-based large language models on cryptorchidism: a comparison of ChatGPT-5, Gemini, and Grok.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026
   Article
7. Performance Comparison Between Domestic and International Large Language Models in Patient Education for Chinese Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Cross-Sectional Study.Digital health
   Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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