ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A Safe and Multifunctional γ-PGA Hydrogel Platform: Endotoxin-Controlled Injectable Fillers and Antimicrobial Wound Dressings.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In response to the limitations of hyaluronic acid (HA)-such as its high cost, short durability, and instability-in anti-aging aesthetic applications, this study developed a novel injectable micelle system, with a triple network structure. It is the particle size of approximately 400 nm and the elevated potential that enhance the crosslinking density and mechanical strength of the hydrogel. Importantly, following ultrafiltration and purification processes, the material's hemolysis rate measured by spectrophotometry was only 3.25%, and endotoxin levels measured by the LAL assay were less than 0.5 EU/mL (test conditions: 37 °C, pH = 7, detection limit: 0.125 EU/mL). Building on this safe and stable material platform, we further designed an antibacterial wound dressing by functionalizing γ-PGA with penicillin or benzalkonium chloride. It reduced the cellular activity of Staphylococcus aureus by 78.9% and 84.2%, respectively. The outstanding safety profile, combined with customizable functionality, positions this γ-PGA-based platform as a promising multifunctional biomaterial meeting practical standards for both aesthetic medicine and wound care applications.
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Registered trials
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