ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2025
Generalizable MRI normative modelling to detect age-inappropriate neurodegeneration.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regional Brain Volume Variation Across Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional MRI Analysis of Age, Sex, and Hemispheric Asymmetry.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subtyping and staging of Alzheimer's disease from routine structural MRI with PHASE-AD.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Brain Age as a Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease: Narrative Perspectives on Imaging, Biomarkers, Machine Learning, and Intervention Potential.Brain sciences · 2025Review
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26 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDetermining whether MRI brain scans demonstrate atrophy that is beyond "normal for age" is challenging. Automated measurements of structural metrics in individual brain regions have shown promise as biomarkers of neurodegeneration, yet widely available reference standards that aid interpretation at the individual level are lacking. Normative modelling, enabling standardized "brain charts", represents a significant step in addressing this challenge by generating individualized age- and sex- adjusted centile scores derived from large, aggregated datasets for MRI-derived quantitative metrics.
methodsUsing normative data from 56,173 participants across the life course, we have developed regional cortical thickness and amygdala/hippocampal volume brain charts (adjusted for total intracranial volume) that can be applied at the individual level. At the group level, we investigate whether regional centile scores relate to cognitive performance (mini-mental state examination) and discriminate individuals with neuropathological evidence of Alzheimer's disease (n = 351) from propensity-matched controls from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset. In addition, we explored the relationships between disease stage, cognition, regional tau deposition and regional centile scores in amyloid-β-PET-positive individuals with Alzheimer's disease dementia (n = 39) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 71) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-3 (ADNI-3). We then extended this approach to phenotypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration using the Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal Dementia dataset (n = 113).
resultsWe demonstrate BrainChart's application to illustrative individual cases. At the group level, we show that in Alzheimer's disease, regional centile scores from brain charting predicted cognitive performance, temporal lobe tau PET tracer uptake and discriminated disease groups from propensity matched cognitively normal controls in independent cohorts. Distinct patterns of age-inappropriate cortical atrophy were also evident in different clinical phenotypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration from the Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal Dementia dataset.
conclusionsRegional centile scores derived from an extensive normative dataset represent a generalizable method for objectively identifying atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases and can be applied to determine neurodegenerative atrophy at the individual level.
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