Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41225633›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2025

Pregnancy-related death rates by county, race, and ethnicity in the US, 2000-2019.

Rachel A Zajdel, Erik J Rodriquez, Paula D Strassle, George A Mensah, Gina S Wei, Laverne G Mensah, Parkes Kendrick, Kelly Compton, Yekaterina O Kelly, Mathew M Baumann and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Rachel A ZajdelDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. rachel.zajdel@nih.gov.
Erik J RodriquezDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Paula D StrassleDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute On Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA.
George A MensahCenter for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Gina S WeiDivision of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Laverne G MensahDivision of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Parkes KendrickInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Kelly ComptonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Yekaterina O KellyInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Mathew M BaumannInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Zhuochen LiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Dillon O SylteInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
M Ashworth DiracInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Christopher Jl MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laura Dwyer-LindgrenInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ali MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Eliseo J Pérez-StableDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubstantial disparities across geographies and racial and/or ethnic populations contribute to increasing maternal mortality in the US. The present study adds to existing literature by examining pregnancy-related death rates by race and/or ethnicity at the county level and over time.

methodsWe used data from the US National Vital Statistics System and the US National Center for Health Statistics to estimate age-standardized pregnancy-related death rates as maternal deaths per 100,000 females aged 15 to 44 years from 2000 to 2019. We utilized validated small-area estimation methods and adjusted pregnancy-related death rates to account for misreporting of race and/or ethnicity on death certificates. Estimates were stratified by US county and racial and/or ethnic population (American Indian or Alaska Native [AIAN], Asian, Black, Latina, and White).

resultsPregnancy-related death rates increased for all racial and/or ethnic populations from 2000 to 2019, and in 99.4% (3062 of 3079) of counties (87.4% statistically significant). White women experienced the greatest median percent increase in pregnancy-related death across counties (214.7%) from 2000-2019, although they did not experience the highest burden in absolute terms. In 2019, the highest pregnancy-related death rates were observed among AIAN and Black women (3.5 and 3.7 deaths per 100,000) and in counties in the Northern Great Plains and Southern regions. Asian and Latina women experienced relatively lower pregnancy-related death rates (1.0 and 1.3 deaths per 100,000), yet they also exhibited an increase in pregnancy-related death since 2000.

conclusionsPregnancy-related death rates continued to rise in the US through 2019 and disparities by race and/or ethnicity and geography remain stark. Clinical and public health interventions are urgently needed to address disparities and decrease maternal mortality.

Indexed as

County-levelHealth disparitiesMaternal mortalityPregnancy-related deathsRace and ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID41225633
PMCPMC12613502

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.