Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41225529›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2025

Seroprevalence of coronaviruses of cattle and pigs in Belgian herds.

Ruth M Mumo, Stefaan Ribbens, Fabien Grégoire, Sebastiaan Theuns, Bart Pardon, Kristien Van Reeth

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ruth M MumoLaboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
Stefaan RibbensLaboratory and Logistics, Dierengezondheidszorg Vlaanderen, Industrielaan 29, Torhout, 8820, Belgium.
Fabien GrégoireLaboratory and Diagnostics, Association Régionale de Santé et d'Identification Animales, Allée des Artisans 2, Ciney, 5590, Belgium.
Sebastiaan TheunsPathoSense BV, Poortakkerstraat 41A, Gent, 9051, Belgium.
Bart PardonCalf Health Research Group, Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
Kristien Van ReethLaboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium. kristien.vanreeth@ugent.be.

Funding

The Belgian Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment RF 21/6347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBovine coronavirus (BCoV), porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are common coronaviruses of cattle and swine, but they are rarely monitored. From December 2021 to March 2022, we collected 2,639 bovine and 2,633 porcine serum samples from Belgian herds to determine the current seroprevalence of BCoV, PHEV and PRCV in their respective hosts. The samples were categorised by age and province. Sera were tested individually in virus neutralisation (VN) assays against recent virus isolates.

resultsThe seroprevalence rates of BCoV, PHEV and PRCV at the individual level were 95.3%, 96.2% and 76.4%, respectively. The seroprevalence of BCoV and PRCV was significantly lower in calves and fattening pigs than in adult animals. The seroprevalence tended to be greater in provinces with higher livestock densities. Most Belgian pigs (74.2%) were seropositive for both PHEV and PRCV.

conclusionThe three animal coronaviruses, BCoV, PHEV and PRCV, are enzootic in Belgian cattle and swine herds. Age and animal density were associated with seropositivity. There is cocirculation of PHEV and PRCV in Belgian swine herds.

Indexed as

Cattle DiseasesCoronavirus InfectionsSwine DiseasesAnimalsAntibodies, ViralBelgiumCattleCoronavirusCoronavirus, BovineFemaleSeroepidemiologic StudiesSwineAntibodies, ViralAge-stratifiedBCoVPHEVPRCVSeroprevalenceVirus neutralisation

Identifiers

PMID41225529
PMCPMC12613432

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.