ArticleBMC public health2025
Socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic kidney syndrome: an analysis based on national representative data.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Joint Association of Functional Impairment and Depression with Advanced Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional and Cohort Study Using Two Large Datasets.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Butyrate and Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiometabolic Kidney Syndrome (CKM) is a global chronic disease challenge. While links between socioeconomic status (SES) and individual CKM components exist, research often overlooks CKM's multi-system interactions and the role of psychosocial factors. Depression, prevalent in low SES groups and linked to CKM risk, may mediate the SES-CKM relationship.
methodsUsing 2005-2018 NHANES data with 11,367 participants, this study quantified SES via the family poverty-income ratio (PIR), assessed depressive symptoms with the PHQ-9 scale, and defined CKM per AHA criteria. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling to examine associations and mediating effects.
resultsHigh SES was associated with 81% lower odds of advanced CKM (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10-0.36). Each unit increase in PIR was associated with 33% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.63-0.72). Depression mediated 27.64% of the SES-advanced CKM link. A nonlinear threshold effect between SES and depression was found at PIR = 3.28, with subgroup analyses highlighting stronger SES-CKM associations in non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites.
conclusionSocioeconomic disadvantage is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and advanced CKM in this cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms may play a substantial mediating role based on structural equation modeling of observational data. These findings suggest that incorporating mental health interventions into CKM prevention strategies and implementing targeted policies to address health inequities could potentially enhance health equity. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings before refining the CKM prevention framework.
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