ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Reengineering glycyrrhetinic acid into a therapeutic oligomer for targeted tumor therapy with cardioprotection.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A MOF-in-MOF nanoplatform for photothermal/chemodynamic therapy that enhances antitumor immunity through targeted suppression of the COX-2/PGE2 axis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Sequential-Delivery Gel Microspheres Integrating HAase-Mediated ECM Remodeling and GA-Active Targeting for Deep Tumor Penetration in TACE-Treated HCC.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To overcome the inherent limitations of conventional nanocarriers such as therapeutic inefficacy and suboptimal drug loading capacity, a novel "polymeric nanodrug" strategy was developed. This approach redefines nanodrug design by employing glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) simultaneously as a bioactive agent and a polymerizable targeting monomer to synthesize poly-glycyrrhetinic acid (PGA), achieving near-theoretical drug loading approaching 100%. Subsequent PEGylation yielded hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeting PGA-PEG-GA nanodrugs, which exhibited a 1.89-fold enhancement in antitumor efficacy compared to free GA. The exceptionally low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PGA-PEG-GA enables efficient encapsulation of additional therapeutics. Using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug, HCC-targeting nanodrugs (denoted as DOX@PGA-PEG-GA NDs) were fabricated. In vitro studies demonstrated that the nanodrugs induced 2.5-fold higher toxicity in tumor cells than normal cells, enhanced cellular uptake by 3.0-fold, and reduced DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by 54%. In vivo evaluations revealed a tumor inhibition rate of 89.7 ± 5.2% for DOX@PGA-PEG-GA NDs and 40.09 ± 11.94% for blank PGA-PEG-GA NDs, together with 18.3-fold higher intra-tumoral accumulation compared to free DOX and complete mitigation of DOX-related cardiotoxicity. This integrated "structure-function-safety" strategy effectively overcomes critical challenges in drug-loading efficiency and functional synergy, offering a robust and novel platform for targeted nanodrug applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.