Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41225462›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

Global burden and trends of common head and neck cancers between 1990 and 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Jianli Lin, Bingqin Xie, Xuehan Yi, Shanshan Wu, Yanmei Ji, Enling Xu, Qiuping Zhuo, Guohui Li, Rongrong Fu, Jing Wang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jianli Lin *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Bingqin Xie *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Xuehan Yi *Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Shanshan WuCommunity Health Service Center of Xingang Street, Fuzhou, China.
Yanmei JiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Enling XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Qiuping ZhuoDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Guohui LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Rongrong FuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Jing WangLaboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Baochang HeDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. hbc@fjmu.edu.cn.
Fa ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. chenfa@fjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Fujian Natural Science Foundation Program 2022J01235Fujian Natural Science Foundation Program 2022J01239Fujian Natural Science Foundation Program 2023J01664Mutual Expert Research Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University YJRCHP- 2023HBC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of head and neck cancers (HNC) is a significant global health challenge, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of incidence and mortality trends. This study aimed to estimate the lastest disease burden and change trends of HNC in 2021 and examine trends from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.

methodsWe comprehensively focused on all HNC in GBD, including lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC), nasopharynx cancer (NPC), other pharynx cancer (OPC), and larynx cancer (LC), estimating incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates, including age-standardized rates (ASR) and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) on global, regional, and national levels.

resultsOur results revealed that, in 2021, there were approximately 0.91 million new cases of HNC globally, representing significant increases from 1990, with specific increases in LOC (142.18%), NPC (55.89%), OPC (163.17%), and LC (60.48%). Additionally, around 0.5 million deaths were attributed to HNC. Notably, age-standardized incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is increasing from 1990 to 2019, but decreasing from 2019 to 2021. Age-standardized mortality for LOC have declined among men but are rising among women between 1990 and 2021 (male: -6.61%, female: 7.95%). The burden of these HNC predominantly affected middle-aged and older populations. As the socio-demographic index rises, the incidence of LOC and OPC displayed a J-shaped relationship, but nasopharyngeal cancer, revealed a downward trend.

conclusionsThe global burden of HNC grew steadily from 1990 to 2021, the variation in incidence and mortality rates across regions highlights the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies to address the changing HNC landscape.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseHead and Neck NeoplasmsAdultAgedDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceGlobal burden of diseaseHead and neck cancerIncidenceMortalityTrends

Identifiers

PMID41225462
PMCPMC12613622

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.