ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2025
Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- The evolving mpox threat (2022-2024): clade dynamics, immune evasion, and escalating global health challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesCOVID-19 is associated with multiorgan dysfunction, including the endocrine system, and severe illness often involves endocrine-metabolic issues. We investigated hormonal axes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran and their correlation with disease severity, outcomes, and inflammatory biomarkers.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. An initial endocrinology panel assessed thyroid hormones, gonadal hormones, adrenal hormones, and prolactin levels. Disease severity was evaluated using the COVID-19 Severity Index.
resultsOf 183 patients analyzed, most had severe (21.7%) or critical (63.3%) infections. Abnormal hormone levels were common, with 26.8% having non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), 30.1% suspected of adrenal insufficiency, and no patient with subacute thyroiditis. Additionally, 95.5% of males had hypogonadism, comprising 20.5% with primary and 75% with secondary disease. However, hormonal levels and diagnoses did not significantly correlate with COVID-19 severity (P > 0.05). Deceased patients had lower T3 levels and a higher NTIS diagnosis rate (P = 0.013 and 0.012, respectively). Moreover, C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients with adrenal insufficiency likelihood (P = 0.005) and primary or secondary hypogonadism (P = 0.018). The ESR levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with NTIS (P = 0.009) and significantly lower in patients with primary or secondary hypogonadism (P = 0.033).
conclusionHospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit hormonal abnormalities, which were correlated with inflammatory biomarkers, but these do not significantly correlate with disease severity or outcome, except for lower T3 levels and a higher NTIS diagnosis rate in deceased patients.
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