Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41225380›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Simultaneous circulation of all four dengue virus serotypes during a single outbreak in Kassala, Eastern Sudan 2023.

Abdualmoniem O Musa, Mohamed I M Awadap, Mahmoud T M Faki, Hasan A Ibrahim, Ali Adam, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Ayman Ahmed, Hamdan Z Hamdan, Elhadi A Ahmed, Tajeldin M Abdallah

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Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Abdualmoniem O MusaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan.
Mohamed I M AwadapPublic Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Kassala State, Kassala, Sudan.
Mahmoud T M FakiPublic Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Kassala State, Kassala, Sudan.
Hasan A IbrahimPublic Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Kassala State, Kassala, Sudan.
Ali AdamPublic Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Kassala State, Kassala, Sudan.
Emmanuel Edwar SiddigFaculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Ayman AhmedInstitute of endemic diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Hamdan Z HamdanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Elhadi A AhmedDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan.
Tajeldin M AbdallahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan. tajeldinmm@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDengue is one of the major health problems worldwide and Sudan is one of thecountries with high burden of the disease especially the eastern part which is endemic fordengue. This study aimed to identify the circulating dengue serotypes during the outbreak of thedisease in Kassala 2023.

methodsWe prospectively enrolled 548 febrile patients suspected of dengue infection who visitedKassala teaching hospital between September 2023 and February 2024.Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through rapid tests (NS1 antigen, IgM, and IgG), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to identify various dengue serotypes.

resultsOf the 548 febrile patients, dengue was confirmed in 50.4% (276/548) using rapid diagnostic tests. Among these, the NS1 antigen was positive in 70.7% (195/276), while IgM was detected in 0.4% (1/276). Seropositivity for both NS1 antigen and IgM was observed in 27.5% (76/276), with IgM and IgG co-detected in 1.4% (4/276). Serotype differentiation via RT-PCR revealed that DENV-III was the most prevalent at 50% (133/266), followed by DENV-II at 39.8% (106/266). DENV-IV accounted for 3% (8/266), and a co-detection of DENV-II and DENV-III in same sample was observed in 4.9% (13/266) as well as serotypes I and III together constituted 2.4% (6/266). The patient demographic included predominantly males (56.8%, 151/276), laborers (45.7%, 126/276), individuals with secondary education (41.7%, 115/276), and urban residents (83.7%, 231/276). The mean age of patients was 32.1 ± 12.9 years. The most common symptoms included fever (100%), headache (95.7%), back pain (91.7%), joint pain (87.7%), sweating (84%), nausea (84.8%), chills (83%), and hemorrhagic manifestations (15.6%). Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between male gender (P = 0.014), headache (P = 0.040) and chills (P = 0.010) with dengue serotypes III.

conclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of dengue infection among febrile patients at Kassala Teaching Hospital, with all four dengue virus serotypes being circulated duringthe outbreakof the disease 2023. Further large-scale studies, including genomic analyses of dengue, are essential to elucidate the relationships among dengue serotypes, genotypes, and clinical manifestations.

Indexed as

DengueDengue VirusDisease OutbreaksAdolescentAdultAntibodies, ViralChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSerogroupAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MCo-circulationDengueRT-PCRSerotypesSudan

Identifiers

PMID41225380
PMCPMC12613636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.