ArticleInternational orthopaedics2026
Microbiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of low-grade infection in long-bone diaphyseal non-union after open fracture.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Management of an 11-cm Femoral Diaphyseal Defect Secondary to Chronic Osteomyelitis Using the Induced Membrane Technique in a 14-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimOur primary aim was to describe the microbiology of long-bone non-unions after open fracture. Then, we sought to determine the clinical and biological factors associated with the risk of positive intraoperative tissue cultures and the outcome after non-union surgery.
methodsWe retrospectively selected patients > 18 years, who had a primary planned surgical treatment of long-bone non-union after diaphyseal open fracture, with no previous history of infection. Infection was confirmed when growth of the same micro-organism was observed from at least two bone/tissue samples obtained at the time of non-union surgery.
resultsFrom 2005 to 2021, 85 patients (64 males, 21 females) were included, with a mean age of 38.5 ± 15 years (18-75 years) at the time of non-union surgery. Anatomic regions included the tibia (58 cases), femur (21 cases), and humerus (6 cases). Cultures were positive in 29 cases (34%), including nine polymicrobial infections (31%), with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (n = 10) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 9) being the most prevalent bacteria, followed by Cutibacterium acnes (n = 5), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2). The risk of infection correlated with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0017), the presence of a fistula (p = 0.001), and the type of index wound according to Cauchoix-Duparc (p = 0.03). The risk of postoperative complications and the need for additional surgery, notably for persistent non-union, were higher in patients with an infected non-union.
conclusionsAn underlying low-grade indolent infection was found in a third of cases of presumed aseptic long-bone non-union following an open fracture. The risk of infection was associated with diabetes mellitus, the presence of a fistula, and greater severity of the initial wound. In these cases, the risk of septic failure was almost three times higher as compared to patients with negative cultures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective study, Level III.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41225170What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.