ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2026
Seroprevalence of nine human papillomavirus types included in the nonavalent vaccine in unvaccinated women living in Puerto Rico: A population-based study.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the seroprevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types included in the nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine among unvaccinated women and determine factors associated with seropositivity. METHODOLOGY: Data from a population-based cross-sectional study of HPV infection among sexually active women (16-64 years) conducted in Puerto Rico from 2010 to 2013 was assessed (n = 524). Antibody responses to 9vHPV types (HPV-6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) were analyzed using M9ELISA by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Age-adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsThe mean participant age was 42.4 ± 0.6 years; 69.2% were seropositive to ≥1 of the 9vHPV types and 0.5% to all types. Women who had their sexual debut at ≥18 years old (aPOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8) had lower odds of seropositivity to any 9vHPV types compared to those with a younger sexual debut age. Higher odds of seropositivity were observed among women with 3-9 (aPOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.9-10.2) and with ≥10 (aPOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.5-12.6) lifetime sexual partners, and women with a history of an abnormal Pap test result (aPOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.6) compared to their counterparts.
conclusionThe high seroprevalence of 9vHPV types found in our study underscores the potential benefits of following the recommended vaccine schedule to reduce HPV and cervical cancer burden in this population.
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