ArticleNetherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation2025
A comprehensive analysis of female participation in cardiovascular trials involving the WCN investigator network.
Article in Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of female underrepresentation in trials investigating long-term pharmacologic therapy after acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care · 2026Pooled it
- Pregnancy- the ultimate cardiovascular stress test.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Review
- Advancing cardiovascular care-key insights from the Netherlands Heart Journal 2025.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap: Time to Integrate Sex- and Gender-Specific Insights into Research and Practice.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies showed underrepresentation of females in cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical trials, potentially hindering accurate treatment effect estimates. We assessed the female contribution to treatment effect estimates in selected CVD trials and explored sex differences in efficacy outcomes.
methodsWe analyzed completed (1997-2024) randomized controlled CVD trials performed via the Dutch WCN Investigator Network. Female participation was quantified using the Participation to Prevalence (in the population) Ratio (PPR
resultsIn 115 trials investigating various treatments across different cardiovascular domains (801 k participants, 29.1% females), the median PPR
conclusionDespite underrepresentation, female participation in the selected WCN-CVD trials was sufficient to exclude major sex differences in efficacy. Given the limited and heterogeneous trial sample, further disease-specific studies are needed, and greater female inclusion remains essential for equity and safety insights.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.