ArticleIrish journal of medical science2026
Evaluation of the relationship between tension-type headache and masseter muscle thickness in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a cross-sectional ultrasonographic study.
Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTension-type headache is the most common headache type in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The association between FMS and tension-type headache has been explained by central sensitization disorder. However, the neuromuscular mechanisms involved in this condition remain unclear.
aimThis study aimed to assess the relationship between masseter muscle thickness and tension-type headache in women with FMS.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 30 FMS patients with tension-type headache (Group 1), 33 FMS patients without headache (Group 2), and 31 healthy controls (Group 3). FMS diagnosis followed the 2016 ACR criteria. Masseter muscle thickness was measured bilaterally using ultrasonography. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life using the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the impact of headache using the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and disease severity using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ).
resultsMasseter muscle thickness significantly differed among groups (p < 0.001). Group 1 (11.6 ± 2.6 mm) had greater thickness than Group 2 (9.4 ± 1.5 mm) and Group 3 (8.5 ± 1.0 mm) (p < 0.001). In Group 1, masseter thickness correlated with HIT-6 scores (r = 0.377, p = 0.040). The optimal cut-off value of masseter muscle thickness for predicting tension-type headache in FMS was ≥ 9.74 mm (AUC = 0.748, p = 0.001; 76.6% sensitivity, 66.6% specificity).
conclusionThis study showed that masseter muscle thickness is associated with tension-type headache in FMS. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the neuromuscular mechanisms involved.
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