GuidelinePain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain2026
The Implementation of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS): Mechanism-Based Recommendations.
Guideline in Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Implementation of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS): Mechanism-Based Recommendations.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2026Guideline
- Trial
- Enhancing Clinical Operability of the PSPS Mechanism-Based Classification.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2021, the term persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) was introduced. PSPS type 2 (PSPS-T2) replaced the unsatisfactory term failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). PSPS type 1 (PSPS-T1) is a clinical picture of signs and symptoms of FBSS but without prior surgery. PSPS applies to any spinal level. There are multiple underlying mechanisms and treatments within PSPS. Therapeutic choices are not based on a common nomenclature. One consequence is that the desired outcomes of interventions are not reliably achieved. There is a need to redefine diagnostic clusters of PSPS based on the pain mechanism rather than just anatomic factors or a history of previous surgery. This manuscript provides mechanism-based recommendations to improve treatment selection through the use of the PSPS concept.
methodsAn international task force of pain and neurosurgical specialists was established and met at the International Neuromodulation Society Congress 2024, at the North American Neuromodulation Society Congress 2024, and online.
resultsAn overview of classification systems (i.e., PSPS; P), anatomical structure (A), neural mechanism (M), and degree of certainty (C), is discussed and combined to generate a novel categorization approach to assist with PSPS classification and diagnosis. The PAMC scale was developed to assist with the diagnosis clustering and consequently to improve treatment selection.
conclusionThe proposed recommendations should support future research by better defining study populations and by assisting the clinician to select the appropriate therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.