Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41221671›Full record

ArticleHead & neck2026

Genomic and Immune Correlates of EZH2 Expression and Activity in Olfactory Neuroblastoma.

Elisabetta Xue, Tolulope Adeyelu, Harris Krause, Andrew Elliott, Ranee Mehra, Heloisa Soares, Emil Lou, Ari Vanderwalde, David Spetzler, Dara Bracken-Clarke and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Head & neck, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Epigenetic alterations in head and neck cancer: a brief update.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Elisabetta XueCenter for Immuno-Oncology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1963-9555
Tolulope AdeyeluCARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Harris KrauseCARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Andrew ElliottCARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Ranee MehraUniversity of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Heloisa SoaresHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Emil LouMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Ari VanderwaldeCARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
David SpetzlerCARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Dara Bracken-ClarkeCenter for Immuno-Oncology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Nyall R LondonDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
James L GulleyCenter for Immuno-Oncology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Charalampos S FloudasCenter for Immuno-Oncology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare sinonasal malignancy with limited therapeutic options in the recurrent/metastatic setting; little is known regarding its responsiveness to immunotherapy. Inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been shown to improve T-cell-mediated killing and susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of cancers. We aimed to evaluate the expression and activity of EZH2 in ONB and its association with immune characteristics. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe studied a cohort of 36 ONB real-world patient samples that underwent molecular profiling at a centralized lab (Caris Life Science). To infer EZH2 methyltransferase activity, we adopted an EZH2 gene repression signature (ERS) score: ONB samples were stratified into ERS-low and ERS-high subgroups, corresponding to high and low inferred EZH2 methyltransferase activity, respectively. Transcriptomic data were utilized to calculate the T-cell-inflamed (TCI) score and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation score (MPAS). Tumor immune microenvironment composition was inferred from tumor-derived bulk RNA sequencing data. We analyzed immunologic differences between ERS-low and ERS-high ONB.

resultsIn ERS-high ONB, we observed a higher expression of immune-related genes, a higher proportion of TCI tumors, and an enrichment in inflammatory pathways. ERS-high ONB also displayed increased macrophages, and to a lesser extent, B cells and CD8

conclusionsTaken together, our data suggest that low EZH2 activity is associated with a more immunogenic microenvironment, paving the way for potential combinations of EZH2 inhibitors with checkpoint blockade in ONB.

Indexed as

Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 ProteinEsthesioneuroblastoma, OlfactoryNose NeoplasmsAdultAgedFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleMiddle AgedNasal CavityTumor MicroenvironmentEnhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 ProteinEZH2 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID41221671
PMCPMC12972649

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.