SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2025
The triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between triglyceride-glucose index and diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Nepalese patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- The diabetic retina-brain axis hypothesis in diabetic cognitive impairment: from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The triglyceride-glucose index for diabetic retinopathy prediction in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been linked to various diabetic complications. However, its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between TyG index levels and the risk of DR. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to July 2025 for observational studies reporting the association between TyG index and DR in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I Results: Sixteen studies with a total of 33,436 participants were included. The pooled OR for the association between higher TyG index and DR was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.27-2.82) when TyG was treated as a categorical variable, and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.25-1.98) when treated as continuous. Significant heterogeneity was observed ( Conclusions: While higher TyG levels correlate with DR-particularly when modeled continuously-the signal is heterogeneity- and bias-sensitive in categorical analyses. Our moderator analyses newly indicate a sex-composition effect, and the current lack of harmonized clinical TyG thresholds limits immediate translation.
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