ReviewHealth science reports2025
The Effect of Chewing Gum on Anxiety and Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Effect of Chewing Gum on Anxiety and Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Childbirth as a physiological phenomenon is painful. Fear and anxiety about labor pain increase the likelihood of women choosing cesarean delivery. Nonpharmacological interventions may enhance maternal comfort during labor. This study investigated the effect of chewing gum on anxiety and labor pain. Methods: Studies from 2000 to 2024 were identified through searches of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, with no restrictions on language or geographical location. Meta-analysis using Stata v17 employed a random-effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Results: An analysis of five trials (326 women, high to low quality, varying inclusion criteria) showed that chewing gum for 20 min in active and second phases significantly reduced pain and anxiety. Pain scores were lower in the gum-chewing group during the active (SMD: -1.23, 95% CI: -2.30 to -0.16, Conclusion: Chewing gum use may reduce labor pain and anxiety and shorten labor duration, according to this study. However, more rigorous research is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.